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eBook details

• Title: Septuagint's Exodus and the Tempest Stele
• Author : Scriptural Research Institute
• Release Date : January 12, 2020
• Genre: Judaism,Books,Religion & Spirituality,History,Ancient,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 341 KB

Description

In the mid-3rd century BC, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt ordered a translation of the ancient Hebrew scriptures for the Library of Alexandria, which resulted in the creation of the Septuagint. The original version, published circa 250 BC, only included the Torah, or in Greek terms, the Pentateuch. The Torah is the five books traditionally credited to Moses, circa 1500 BC: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. According to Jewish tradition, the original Torah was lost when the Babylonians destroyed the Temple of Solomon and was later rewritten by Ezra the Scribe from memory during the Second Temple period. The life of Ezra the Scribe is estimated to have been between 480 and 440 BC, which is around the time that scholars generally believe the current form of the Torah was written.

Based on the chronology of the Septuagint's books of Exodus, Joshua, and Judges, the year of the exodus from Egypt took place in approximately 1547 BC, which is approximately the same era as the Minoan Eruption according to Egyptologists. The date of the Minoan Eruption is debated by Egyptologists and archaeologists, the massive volcano eruption on the Greek isle of Santorini, ejected approximately 60 km3 (14 miles3) of debris, which fell across the eastern Mediterranean, and covered some parts of northern Egypt in 2 meters (6 feet) in ash. The sky was darkened for weeks and the crops and livestock died in the fields. Southern Egypt was also effected, as reported by the Tempest Stele, a stone tablet erected during the reign of the Thebean Pharaoh Ahmose I, who conquered northern Egypt and drove the Hyksos dynasty out of Egypt after a three-year siege of the Hyksos dynasty, the city of Avaris. The Tempest Stele is damaged, however, the surviving text described the flooding in southern Egypt which resulted from the rainstorms.

Few books have generated as many debates about geographical features as the book of Exodus. It describes in detail a series of wonders that the Lord, the God of the Israelites, performed to cause them to be freed from their slavery in the country, and then their trek across the wilderness to a mountain on which God descended and gave them the Torah. The wonders themselves have been the source of much speculation in the past 2500 years, but the trek across the wilderness and the location of the mountain of God are the real issues most commonly debated, although ironically, not generally by Jews, Samaritans, or Beta Israelites, the three groups that actually try to follow laws found in the Torah. Most of the speculation about the geography has been by Christian and Islamic scholars, who have tried to retrace the path the Israelites took out of Egypt in order to find the mountain of God, however, many mountains have been found following the places listed along the route, as most of the locations are debated. Half a dozen mountains have been identified, each with a list of locations along the route that may or may not be the original locations. This doesn't appear to be a new problem, as even then names for the mountain in the Torah and other ancient Hebrew texts changes from one paragraph to the next. This mountain is called both Sinai and Horeb throughout the Torah, and then Seir in the book of Judges, which is widely regarded as being the oldest Hebrew text that has not been heavily redacted.

Various Jewish and Christian scholars have tried to resolve the issue of the same stories happening on two mountains. In the Middle Ages, the Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra suggested that there was only one mountain, with two peaks one called Horeb and the other Sinai, while later during the Protestant Reformation John Calvin suggested it was one mountain where the eastern side was named Sinai, while the western side was named Horeb.

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